In this simple example we will implement Service for a custom service that serves a Discord bot alongside a web server created using Axum.

​
Prerequisites

To be able to create this example, we’ll need to grab an API token from the Discord developer portal.

  1. Click the New Application button, name your application and click Create.
  2. Navigate to the Bot tab in the lefthand menu, and add a new bot.
  3. On the bot page click the Reset Token button to reveal your token. Put this token in your Secrets.toml (explained below). It’s very important that you don’t reveal your token to anyone, as it can be abused. Create a .gitignore file to omit your Secrets.toml from version control.

Your Secrets.toml file needs to be in the root of your directory once the project has been initialised - the file will use a format similar to a .env file, like so:

Secrets.toml
DISCORD_TOKEN = 'the contents of my discord token'

To add the bot to a server, we need to create an invite link:

  1. On your bot’s application page, open the OAuth2 page via the lefthand panel.
  2. Go to the URL Generator via the lefthand panel, and select the bot scope.
  3. Copy the URL, open it in your browser and select a Discord server you wish to invite the bot to.

​
Initial Setup

Start by running the following command:

cargo shuttle init --template none

This will simply initialize a new cargo crate with a dependency on shuttle-runtime.

We also want to add several dependencies for this - make sure your Cargo.toml looks like below:

Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "custom-service"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
anyhow = "1.0.62"
axum = "0.6.4"
hyper = "0.14.24"
poise = "0.5.2"
serde = "1.0"
shuttle-runtime = "0.44.0"
tokio = "1.26.0"

​
Getting Started

To get started, we need to return a wrapper struct from our shuttle_runtime::main.

main.rs
pub struct CustomService {
    discord_bot:
        FrameworkBuilder<Data, Box<(dyn std::error::Error +
         std::marker::Send + Sync + 'static)>>,
    router: Router,
}

Then we need to implement shuttle_service::Service for our wrapper. If you need to bind to an address, for example if you’re implementing service for an HTTP server, you can use the addr argument from bind. You can only have one HTTP service bound to the addr, but you can start other services that don’t rely on binding to a socket, like so:

main.rs
#[shuttle_runtime::async_trait]
impl shuttle_runtime::Service for CustomService {
    async fn bind(
        mut self,
        addr: std::net::SocketAddr,
    ) -> Result<(), shuttle_runtime::Error> {

        let router = self.router.into_inner();

        let serve_router = axum::Server::bind(&addr).serve(router.into_make_service());

        tokio::select!(
            _ = self.discord_bot.run() => {},
            _ = serve_router => {}
        );

        Ok(())
    }
}

​
Commands/Routing

Before we can actually run the program, we will need to set up the commands and routing that it needs before we can add them to the struct implementation. Let’s do that now:

commands.rs
use poise::serenity_prelude as serenity;

// this is a blank struct initialised in main.rs and then imported here
use crate::Data;

type Error = Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>;
type Context<'a> = poise::Context<'a, Data, Error>;

#[poise::command(slash_command, prefix_command)]
pub async fn age(
    ctx: Context<'_>,
    #[description = "Selected user"] user: Option<serenity::User>,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
    let u = user.as_ref().unwrap_or_else(|| ctx.author());
    let response = format!("{}'s account was created at {}", u.name, u.created_at());
    ctx.say(response).await?;
    Ok(())
}
router.rs
use axum::http::StatusCode;
use axum::response::IntoResponse;
use axum::{routing::get, Router};

pub fn build_router() -> Router {
    Router::new().route("/", get(hello_world))
}

pub async fn hello_world() -> impl IntoResponse {
    (StatusCode::OK, "Hello world!").into_response()
}

​
Struct Implementation

To finish up, we return the wrapper struct from our shuttle_runtime::main function and add implementation for setting up each of our services for the struct, like so:

main.rs
use std::sync::Arc;

use poise::serenity_prelude as serenity;
use shuttle_runtime::SecretStore;

mod commands;
use commands::age;

mod router;
use router::router;

pub struct Data {}
pub struct CustomService {
    discord_bot:
        FrameworkBuilder<Data, Box<(dyn std::error::Error +
         std::marker::Send + Sync + 'static)>>,
    router: Router,
}

#[shuttle_runtime::main]
async fn init(
    #[shuttle_runtime::Secrets] secrets: SecretStore,
) -> Result<CustomService, shuttle_runtime::Error> {
   let discord_api_key = secrets.get("DISCORD_API_KEY").unwrap();

    let discord_bot = poise::Framework::builder()
        .options(poise::FrameworkOptions {
            commands: vec![age()],
            ..Default::default()
        })
        .token(discord_api_key)
        .intents(serenity::GatewayIntents::non_privileged())
        .setup(|ctx, _ready, framework| {
            Box::pin(async move {
                poise::builtins::register_globally(
                    ctx, &framework.options().commands
                    ).await?;
                Ok(Data {})
            })
        });

    let router = build_router();

    Ok(CustomService {
        discord_bot,
        router
    })
}

​
Finishing Up

Try it out with the run command:

cargo shuttle run

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