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Examples
Serenity

This section revolves around simple Serenity examples you can get quickly started with by following these 4 steps:

  1. Go through the steps in Prerequisites below
  2. Initialize a new Serenity project by running the cargo shuttle init --template serenity command
  3. Copy pasting the contents of the example you want to deploy — make sure to check the tabs of the snippet(s) to ensure you are copying the right code/file
  4. Running the cargo shuttle deploy command

​
Prerequisites

To get started log in to the Discord developer portal.

  1. Click the New Application button, name your application and click Create.
  2. Navigate to the Bot tab in the lefthand menu, and add a new bot.
  3. On the bot page click the Reset Token button to reveal your token. Put this token in your Secrets.toml. It’s very important that you don’t reveal your token to anyone, as it can be abused. Create a .gitignore file to omit your Secrets.toml from version control.
  4. For the sake of this example, you also need to scroll down on the bot page to the Message Content Intent section and enable that option.

To add the bot to a server we need to create an invite link.

  1. On your bot’s application page, open the OAuth2 page via the lefthand panel.
  2. Go to the URL Generator via the lefthand panel, and select the bot scope as well as the Send Messages permission in the Bot Permissions section.
  3. Copy the URL, open it in your browser and select a Discord server you wish to invite the bot to.

​
Hello World Bot

use anyhow::anyhow;
use serenity::async_trait;
use serenity::model::channel::Message;
use serenity::model::gateway::Ready;
use serenity::prelude::*;
use shuttle_secrets::SecretStore;
use tracing::{error, info};

struct Bot;

#[async_trait]
impl EventHandler for Bot {
    async fn message(&self, ctx: Context, msg: Message) {
        if msg.content == "!hello" {
            if let Err(e) = msg.channel_id.say(&ctx.http, "world!").await {
                error!("Error sending message: {:?}", e);
            }
        }
    }

    async fn ready(&self, _: Context, ready: Ready) {
        info!("{} is connected!", ready.user.name);
    }
}

#[shuttle_runtime::main]
async fn serenity(
    #[shuttle_secrets::Secrets] secret_store: SecretStore,
) -> shuttle_serenity::ShuttleSerenity {
    // Get the discord token set in `Secrets.toml`
    let token = if let Some(token) = secret_store.get("DISCORD_TOKEN") {
        token
    } else {
        return Err(anyhow!("'DISCORD_TOKEN' was not found").into());
    };

    // Set gateway intents, which decides what events the bot will be notified about
    let intents = GatewayIntents::GUILD_MESSAGES | GatewayIntents::MESSAGE_CONTENT;

    let client = Client::builder(&token, intents)
        .event_handler(Bot)
        .await
        .expect("Err creating client");

    Ok(client.into())
}

​
Todo list bot

​
Prerequisites

In this example we will deploy a Serenity bot with Shuttle that can add, list and complete todos using Application Commands. To persist the todos we need a database. We will have Shuttle provison a PostgreSQL database for us by enabling the sqlx-postgres feature for shuttle-service and passing #[shared::Postgres] pool: PgPool as an argument to our main function.

To run this bot we need a valid Discord Token. To get started log in to the Discord developer portal.

  1. Click the New Application button, name your application and click Create.
  2. Navigate to the Bot tab in the lefthand menu, and add a new bot.
  3. On the bot page click the Reset Token button to reveal your token. Put this token in your Secrets.toml. It’s very important that you don’t reveal your token to anyone, as it can be abused. Create a .gitignore file to omit your Secrets.toml from version control.

To add the bot to a server we need to create an invite link.

  1. On your bot’s application page, open the OAuth2 page via the lefthand panel.
  2. Go to the URL Generator via the lefthand panel, and select the applications.commands scope.
  3. Copy the URL, open it in your browser and select a Discord server you wish to invite the bot to.

For this example we also need a GuildId.

  1. Open your Discord client, open the User Settings and navigate to Advanced. Enable Developer Mode.
  2. Right click the Discord server you’d like to use the bot in and click Copy Id. This is your Guild ID.
  3. Store it in Secrets.toml and retrieve it like we did for the Discord Token.

For more information please refer to the Discord docs as well as the Serenity repo for more examples.

use anyhow::Context as _;
use serenity::async_trait;
use serenity::model::application::command::CommandOptionType;
use serenity::model::application::interaction::application_command::CommandDataOptionValue;
use serenity::model::application::interaction::{Interaction, InteractionResponseType};
use serenity::model::gateway::Ready;
use serenity::model::id::GuildId;
use serenity::prelude::*;
use shuttle_secrets::SecretStore;
use sqlx::{Executor, PgPool};
use tracing::{error, info};

mod db;

struct Bot {
    database: PgPool,
    guild_id: String,
}

#[async_trait]
impl EventHandler for Bot {
    async fn interaction_create(&self, ctx: Context, interaction: Interaction) {
        let user_id: i64 = interaction
            .clone()
            .application_command()
            .unwrap()
            .user
            .id
            .into();

        if let Interaction::ApplicationCommand(command) = interaction {
            info!("Received command interaction: {:#?}", command);

            let content = match command.data.name.as_str() {
                "todo" => {
                    let command = command.data.options.get(0).expect("Expected command");

                    // if the todo subcommand has a CommandOption the command is either `add` or `complete`
                    if let Some(subcommand) = command.options.get(0) {
                        match subcommand.resolved.as_ref().expect("Valid subcommand") {
                            CommandDataOptionValue::String(note) => {
                                db::add(&self.database, note, user_id).await.unwrap()
                            }
                            CommandDataOptionValue::Integer(index) => {
                                db::complete(&self.database, index, user_id)
                                    .await
                                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
                                        "Please submit a valid index from your todo list"
                                            .to_string()
                                    })
                            }
                            _ => "Please enter a valid todo".to_string(),
                        }
                    // if the todo subcommand doesn't have a CommandOption the command is `list`
                    } else {
                        db::list(&self.database, user_id).await.unwrap()
                    }
                }
                _ => "Command not implemented".to_string(),
            };

            if let Err(why) = command
                .create_interaction_response(&ctx.http, |response| {
                    response
                        .kind(InteractionResponseType::ChannelMessageWithSource)
                        .interaction_response_data(|message| message.content(content))
                })
                .await
            {
                error!("Cannot respond to slash command: {}", why);
            }
        }
    }

    async fn ready(&self, ctx: Context, ready: Ready) {
        info!("{} is connected!", ready.user.name);

        let guild_id = GuildId(self.guild_id.parse().unwrap());

        let _ = GuildId::set_application_commands(&guild_id, &ctx.http, |commands| {
            commands.create_application_command(|command| {
                command
                    .name("todo")
                    .description("Add, list and complete todos")
                    .create_option(|option| {
                        option
                            .name("add")
                            .description("Add a new todo")
                            .kind(CommandOptionType::SubCommand)
                            .create_sub_option(|option| {
                                option
                                    .name("note")
                                    .description("The todo note to add")
                                    .kind(CommandOptionType::String)
                                    .min_length(2)
                                    .max_length(100)
                                    .required(true)
                            })
                    })
                    .create_option(|option| {
                        option
                            .name("complete")
                            .description("The todo to complete")
                            .kind(CommandOptionType::SubCommand)
                            .create_sub_option(|option| {
                                option
                                    .name("index")
                                    .description("The index of the todo to complete")
                                    .kind(CommandOptionType::Integer)
                                    .min_int_value(1)
                                    .required(true)
                            })
                    })
                    .create_option(|option| {
                        option
                            .name("list")
                            .description("List your todos")
                            .kind(CommandOptionType::SubCommand)
                    })
            })
        })
        .await;
    }
}

#[shuttle_runtime::main]
async fn serenity(
    #[shuttle_shared_db::Postgres] pool: PgPool,
    #[shuttle_secrets::Secrets] secret_store: SecretStore,
) -> shuttle_serenity::ShuttleSerenity {
    // Get the discord token set in `Secrets.toml`
    let token = secret_store
        .get("DISCORD_TOKEN")
        .context("'DISCORD_TOKEN' was not found")?;
    // Get the guild_id set in `Secrets.toml`
    let guild_id = secret_store
        .get("GUILD_ID")
        .context("'GUILD_ID' was not found")?;

    // Run the schema migration
    pool.execute(include_str!("../schema.sql"))
        .await
        .context("failed to run migrations")?;

    let bot = Bot {
        database: pool,
        guild_id,
    };
    let client = Client::builder(&token, GatewayIntents::empty())
        .event_handler(bot)
        .await
        .expect("Err creating client");

    Ok(client.into())
}
If you want to explore other frameworks, we have more examples with popular ones like Tower and Warp. You can find them right here.